Network Topologies


Network Topologies
The structure of a network including physical arrangement of devices is known as network topology. Consider the following types of topologies:\
1.      Bus topology
2.      Star topology
3.      Tree topology
4.      Point-to-Point
5.      Mesh
6.      Ring
7.      Hybrid

Bus Topology: The type of network topology in which all of the nodes of the network are connected to a common transmission medium which has exactly two endpoints all data that is transmitted between nodes in the network is transmitted over this common transmission medium and is able to be received by all nodes in the network simultaneously. Consider the following figure-

 
Advantages of bus topology:
    1. Short Cable Length.
    2. Easy to expand.
    3. Simple Architecture.
Disadvantages:
  1. Fault diagnosis is difficult.
Star Topology: In a star topology, each network host is connected to a central hub with a point-to-point connection. All of the nodes on the network must be connected to one central device. All traffic that traverses the network passes through the central hub.

Advantages:
    1. Ease of service.
    2. One device per connection.
    3. Fault diagnosis is easy.
Disadvantages:
  1. Long cable length.
  2. Difficult to expand.
  3. Central node dependency.

Tree Topology: The type of network topology in which a central 'root' node (the top level of the hierarchy) is connected to one or more other nodes that are one level lower in the hierarchy (i.e., the second level) with a point-to-point link between each of the second level nodes and the top level central 'root' node, while each of the second level nodes that are connected to the top level central 'root' node will also have one or more other nodes that are one level lower in the hierarchy (i.e., the third level) connected to it, also with a point-to-point link, the top level central 'root' node being the only node that has no other node above it in the hierarchy.

Fig: Tree Topology
Advantages:
    1. Easy to expand.
    2. Fault diagnosis is easy.
Disadvantages:
  1. Dependent on root node.

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