network protocols

1.      The Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol used for relaying datagrams (also known as network packets) across an internetwork using the Internet Protocol Suite. Responsible for routing packets across network boundaries, it is the primary protocol that establishes the Internet.

2.      Wi-Fi is a popular technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly (using radio waves) over a computer network, including high-speed Internet connections. Wi-Fi as any "wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards". A device that can use Wi-Fi (such as a personal computer, video game console, smartphone, tablet, or digital audio player) can connect to a network resource such as the Internet via a wireless network access point. Such an access point (or hotspot) has a range of about 20 meters (65 feet) indoors and a greater range outdoors. Hotspot coverage can comprise an area as small as a single room with walls that block radio waves or as large as many square miles — this is achieved by using multiple overlapping access points.

3.      TELNET (Remote Logging): TELNET is an abbreviation for TErminaL NETwork. It is the standard TCP/IP protocol for virtual terminal service as proposed by the International Organization for Standards (ISO). TELNET is a client/server application that allows a user to log on to a remote machine, giving the user access to the remote system. TELNET enables the establishment of a connection to a remote system in such a way that the local terminal appears to be a terminal at the remote system. In general we can say that TELNET is a general-purpose client-server application program.

4.      Chat: Online chat may refer to any kind of communication over the Internet, that offers an real-time direct transmission of text-based messages from sender to receiver, hence the delay for visual access to the sent message shall not hamper the flow of communications in any of the directions. Online chat may address point-to-point communications as well as multicast communications from one sender to many receivers.

5.      Video conferencing: Videoconferencing is the conduct of a videoconference (also known as a video conference or videoteleconference) by a set of telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to communicate by simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. It has also been called 'visual collaboration' and is a type of groupware.

Videoconferencing differs from videophone calls in that it's designed to serve a conference or multiple locations rather than individuals. It is an intermediate form of video telephony, first deployed commercially in the United States by AT&T during the early 1970s as part of their development of Picture phone technology.

6.      WLL: WLL is the abbreviation of Wireless Local Loop. WLL is a system that connects subscribers to the public switched telephone network(PSTN) using radio signals as a substitute for copper for all or part of the connection between the subscriber and the switch. This includes cordless access systems, proprietary fixed radio access, and fixed cellular systems. Sometimes this is also called radio in the loop(RITL) of fixed-radio access (FRA).

7.      Voice over IP (VoIP): commonly refers to the communication protocols, technologies, methodologies, and transmission techniques involved in the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. Other terms commonly associated with VoIP are IP telephony and Internet telephony. Commonly used protocols in this category are:

8.      Wi-Fi:

9.      Wi-Max: